Chinese Articles
In English articles are words that combine with a noun to indicate the type of reference being made by the noun. Generally articles specify the grammatical definiteness of the noun. Examples are "the, a, and an". However that doesn't exist in Chinese.
Chinese articles are words that combine with a noun to indicate the type of reference being made by the noun. Generally articles specify the grammatical definiteness of the noun. Examples are "the, a, and an".
There are no real articles in Chinese, there is 这 zhè, but that actually means this. As in
这本书zhè běn shū meaning this book. 本 běn is the measureword of 书 shū book. In English you cannot say: sugar, you have to say a lump of sugar, lump being the measure word, also a grain of salt, grain being the measure word. But there are only a few nouns in the English language which need such a quantity word. In Chinese each noun needs a measure word. Using the right measure word shows that you master the Chinese language, since finding the right measure word is quite some task. Chinese them selfs don’t alwaus know the right measure word and they use the general quantity word 个 gè. The indefinite article can be translated as一些yī xiē but means some, some number of. Here are some examples:
| English Articles | Chinese Articles |
| articles | guān cí - 冠词 |
| the | zhè,nà;nèi - 这,那 |
| a | yī - 一 |
| one | yī - 一 |
| some | yī xiē - 一些 |
| few | shǎo shù - 少数 |
| |
| the book | zhè běn shū - 这本书 |
| the books | zhè xiē shū - 这些书 |
| a book | yī běn shū - 一本书 |
| one book | yī běn shū - 一本书 |
| some books | yī xiē shū - 一些书 |
| few books | hěn shǎo de jǐ;jī běn shū - 很少的几本书 |
As you can see from the example above, the structure of no articles in Chinese takes a logical pattern.
Grammar Tips:
Definite
Article:
Unlike
English, which has only one definite article “the", Mandarin does not have this word at all. You can say
‘this’ or ‘that’, ‘these’ or ‘those’, but not ‘the’.
Indefinite
Article:
While
we have (a / an / some) in English as indefinite articles, these words do not
exist in Mandarin. To say ‘a book’ in Mandarin Chinese, you say ‘one book’.
List of Vocabulary in Chinese
Below is a list of vocabulary which should help you with your knowledge of Chinese. Try to practice but also memorizing this table will help you add very useful and important words to your Chinese vocabulary.
| English Vocabulary | Chinese Vocabulary |
| Food | shí pǐn - 食品 |
| almonds | xìng rén - 杏仁 |
| bread | miàn bāo - 面包 |
| breakfast | zǎo cān - 早餐 |
| butter | huáng yóu - 黄油 |
| candy | táng guǒ - 糖果 |
| cheese | nǎi lào - 奶酪 |
| chicken | jī ròu - 鸡肉 |
| cumin | zī rán - 孜然 |
| dessert | tián diǎn - 甜点 |
| dinner | wǎn cān - 晚餐 |
| fish | yú ròu - 鱼肉 |
| fruit | shuǐ guǒ - 水果 |
| ice cream | bīng qí lín - 冰淇淋 |
| lamb | gāo yáng ròu - 羔羊肉 |
| lemon | níng méng - 柠檬 |
| lunch | wǔ cān - 午餐 |
| meal | cān - 餐 |
| meat | ròu - 肉 |
| oven | kǎo xiāng - 烤箱 |
| pepper | hú jiāo - 胡椒 |
| plants | zhí wù - 植物 |
| pork | zhū ròu - 猪肉 |
| salad | shā lā - 沙拉 |
| salt | yán - 盐 |
| sandwich | sān míng zhì - 三明治 |
| sausage | xiāng cháng - 香肠 |
| soup | tāng - 汤 |
| sugar | táng - 糖 |
| supper | wǎn fàn - 晚饭 |
| turkey | huǒ jī - 火鸡 |
| apple | píng guǒ - 苹果 |
| banana | xiāng jiāo - 香蕉 |
| oranges | jú zi - 桔子 |
| peaches | táo - 桃 |
| peanut | huā shēng - 花生 |
| pears | lí - 梨 |
| pineapple | bō luó - 菠萝 |
| grapes | pú tao - 葡萄 |
| strawberries | cǎo méi - 草莓 |
| vegetables | shū cài - 蔬菜 |
| carrot | hú luó bo - 胡萝卜 |
| corn | yù mǐ - 玉米 |
| cucumber | huáng guā - 黄瓜 |
| garlic | dà suàn - 大蒜 |
| lettuce | wō jù - 莴苣 |
| olives | gǎn lǎn - 橄榄 |
| onions | yáng cōng - 洋葱 |
| peppers | là jiāo - 辣椒 |
| potatoes | tǔ dòu - 土豆 |
| pumpkin | nán guā - 南瓜 |
| beans | dòu lèi - 豆类 |
| tomatoes | fān qié - 蕃茄 |
Definite and Indefinite Articles are not used in Chinese, but you still need to know how to create sentences without them. Once you're done with this lesson, you might want to check the rest of our Chinese lessons here: Learn Chinese. Don't forget to bookmark this page.