Esperanto Plural
Learning the Esperanto Plural is very important because its structure is used in every day conversation. The more you practice the subject, the closer you get to mastering the Esperanto language. But first we need to know what the role of Plural is in the structure of the grammar in Esperanto.
Esperanto Plurals are grammatical numbers, typically referring to more than one of the referent in the real world. In the English language, singular and plural are the only grammatical numbers.
Grammar Tips:
While in English, the plural is often formed
by adding (s) to the singular. In Esperanto, to form the plural of nouns and adjectives we add (-j) Here are
some examples:
Amiko (a friend) becomes: amikoj (friends)
Virino (a woman) becomes: Virinoj (women)
Ĉi tio estas mia ruĝa aŭto
(this is my red car) becomes: Ĉi tioj estas miaj ruĝaj aŭtoj (these are my red cars)
Transitive verbs have objects in the
predicate, however. Plural objects will take the form –jn. The –n is often referred to as the accusative suffix.
Mi vidas miajn ruĝajn aŭtojn means “I see my red cars.”
Here are some examples:
| English Plural | Esperanto Plural |
| Plural | Plurala |
| my book | mia libro |
| my books | miaj libroj |
| our daughter | nia filino |
| our daughters | niaj filinoj |
| I'm cold | mi estas malvarma |
| we're cold | ni estas malvarma |
| his chickens | liaj kokoj |
| their chicken | ilia koko |
As you can see from the example above, the structure of the Plural in Esperanto has a logical pattern. Locate the Plural above and see how it works with the rest of the sentence in Esperanto.
List of Plurals in Esperanto
Below is a list of the Plurals and Singulars in Esperanto placed in a table. Memorizing this table will help you add very useful and important words to your Esperanto vocabulary.
| English Plural | Esperanto Plural |
| alligator | aligatoro |
| alligators | aligatoroj |
| bear | urso |
| bears | ursoj |
| bird | birdo |
| birds | birdoj |
| bull | virbovo |
| bulls | virbovoj |
| cat | kato |
| cats | katoj |
| cow | bovino |
| cows | bovinoj |
| deer | cervoj |
| many deer | multaj cervoj |
| dog | hundo |
| dogs | hundoj |
| donkey | azeno |
| donkeys | azenoj |
| eagle | aglo |
| eagles | agloj |
| elephant | elefanto |
| elephants | elefantoj |
| giraffe | ĝirafo |
| giraffes | ĝirafoj |
| goat | kapro |
| goats | kaproj |
| horse | ĉevalo |
| horses | ĉevaloj |
| lion | leono |
| lions | leonoj |
| monkey | simio |
| monkeys | simioj |
| mouse | muso |
| mice | musoj |
| rabbit | kuniklo |
| rabbits | kunikloj |
| snake | serpento |
| snakes | serpentoj |
| tiger | tigro |
| tigers | tigroj |
| wolf | lupo |
| wolves | lupoj |
Plural and Singular have a very important role in Esperanto, therefore they need very special attention. Once you're done with Esperanto Plural, you might want to check the rest of our Esperanto lessons here: Learn Esperanto. Don't forget to bookmark this page.